How to Use Crutches for Non-Weight Bearing? | NWB Walking Guide

Non-weight bearing (NWB) means exactly that — zero contact between your injured foot and the floor, not even a toe touch for balance. The standard technique is the swing-to gait, where your arms and good leg do all the work. Proper crutch fit and correct sequencing keep you stable and protect your recovery.

Fitting Your Crutches for Non-Weight Bearing

Crutches that are adjusted wrong increase fall risk and can cause nerve damage. Start with the top cuff: it should sit 1–2 inches (about two finger widths) below your armpit. Never rest your body weight on the armpit pads — pressure there can damage the nerves in your arm.

The handgrip height matters just as much. With your arms hanging straight at your sides, the grip should line up with the crease of your wrist. When standing, place each crutch 1–2 inches to the outside of your leg and 6–12 inches forward. Your crutch tips and healthy foot should form a stable triangle.

Most adjustable crutches use a push-pin mechanism — press the pin in, slide the shaft to the correct height, and let the pin lock into the nearest hole. For a roundup of well-rated models, see our guide to the best crutches for non-weight bearing.

How to Walk with the Swing-To Gait

Move both crutches forward at the same time — about 6–12 inches ahead and slightly to the sides. Push down firmly on the handgrips (not the armpit pads) to lift your body, then hop or swing your uninjured leg forward, landing it centered between the crutches. Keep the injured leg raised off the ground throughout. Cleveland Clinic notes that your good leg should do nearly all the work.

Common mistakes include letting the injured foot touch the floor for balance, leaning on the armpit pads, and advancing the crutches too far — short, controlled movements are safer than long strides. You know the gait is working when you feel stable between each step and the injured leg stays completely clear of the ground.

Standing, Sitting, and Stairs on Crutches

Standing up from a chair: Scoot forward until your thighs touch the edge. Hold both crutches in the hand on your injured side. Place your uninjured leg flat on the floor and your free hand on the chair armrest. Lean forward at the hips, tighten your core, and push up using your good leg and arm. Once upright and steady, position one crutch under each arm.

Sitting down: Back up until your thighs touch the chair. Hold both crutches in the hand on your injured side. Reach back with your free hand for the chair seat or armrest, keep the injured leg raised, and lower yourself slowly until you are seated with the leg still elevated.

Going up stairs: Lead with your uninjured leg — step up with it first, then bring the crutches up to the same step. If a handrail is available, hold the rail with one hand and keep both crutches under the opposite arm. You have successfully climbed when your good leg and crutches share the same level.

Going down stairs: Place the crutches on the lower step first. Keep your injured leg extended forward and clear of the step. Hop your uninjured leg down to the same level as the crutches. With a handrail, hold the rail and keep crutches under the opposite arm, lowering crutches first before hopping down. If you feel unstable, sit on the step and move down using your hands.

FAQs

How long will I need to use crutches for non-weight bearing?

Recovery timelines depend on your specific injury and your doctor’s protocol. NWB status typically lasts anywhere from two weeks to three months for fractures or post-surgical recovery. Follow your physician’s weight-bearing timeline precisely and do not advance to partial weight bearing without approval.

Can I use a walker instead of crutches for NWB?

Crutches remain the better choice for moving any distance.

What happens if I accidentally put weight on my injured leg?

Occasional accidental weight bearing happens to most NWB patients. If you catch yourself, stop and rest. Report repeated or painful incidents to your doctor — consistent accidental weight bearing can delay healing, disrupt surgical repairs, or cause re-injury.